Vim / Neovim 完全指南 / 20 - 最佳实践与 IDE 配置

-- init.lua（简洁入口）
vim.g.mapleader = " "
vim.g.maplocalleader = "\\"

require("config.options")
require("config.lazy")
require("config.keymaps")
require("config.autocmds")

-- lua/config/options.lua
local opt = vim.opt

opt.number = true
opt.relativenumber = true
opt.tabstop = 4
opt.shiftwidth = 4
opt.expandtab = true
opt.smartindent = true
opt.termguicolors = true
opt.signcolumn = "yes"
opt.cursorline = true
opt.scrolloff = 8
opt.splitbelow = true
opt.splitright = true
opt.ignorecase = true
opt.smartcase = true
opt.undofile = true
opt.updatetime = 250
opt.clipboard = "unnamedplus"
opt.completeopt = { "menu", "menuone", "noselect" }

-- lua/config/lazy.lua
local lazypath = vim.fn.stdpath("data") .. "/lazy/lazy.nvim"
if not vim.loop.fs_stat(lazypath) then
    vim.fn.system({
        "git", "clone", "--filter=blob:none",
        "https://github.com/folke/lazy.nvim.git",
        "--branch=stable", lazypath,
    })
end
vim.opt.rtp:prepend(lazypath)

require("lazy").setup({
    spec = { { import = "plugins" } },
    defaults = { lazy = false, version = false },
    checker = { enabled = true },
    performance = {
        rtp = {
            disabled_plugins = {
                "gzip", "tarPlugin", "tohtml",
                "tutor", "zipPlugin",
            },
        },
    },
})

-- lua/plugins/colorscheme.lua
return {
    { "catppuccin/nvim",
        name = "catppuccin",
        priority = 1000,
        lazy = false,
        config = function()
            require("catppuccin").setup({
                flavour = "mocha",
                transparent_background = false,
                integrations = {
                    treesitter = true,
                    telescope = { enabled = true },
                    gitsigns = true,
                    mason = true,
                    which_key = true,
                    native_lsp = { enabled = true },
                    cmp = true,
                    nvimtree = true,
                },
            })
            vim.cmd.colorscheme("catppuccin")
        end,
    },
}

-- lua/plugins/ui.lua
return {
    { "nvim-lualine/lualine.nvim",
        dependencies = { "nvim-tree/nvim-web-devicons" },
        event = "VeryLazy",
        opts = {
            options = {
                theme = "catppuccin",
                component_separators = { left = "|", right = "|" },
                section_separators = { left = "", right = "" },
                globalstatus = true,
            },
            sections = {
                lualine_a = { "mode" },
                lualine_b = { "branch", "diff", "diagnostics" },
                lualine_c = { { "filename", path = 1 } },
                lualine_x = { "encoding", "fileformat", "filetype" },
                lualine_y = { "progress" },
                lualine_z = { "location" },
            },
        },
    },

    { "akinsho/bufferline.nvim",
        dependencies = { "nvim-tree/nvim-web-devicons" },
        event = "VeryLazy",
        keys = {
            { "<S-l>", "<cmd>BufferLineCycleNext<cr>", desc = "下一缓冲区" },
            { "<S-h>", "<cmd>BufferLineCyclePrev<cr>", desc = "上一缓冲区" },
            { "<leader>bp", "<cmd>BufferLineTogglePin<cr>", desc = "固定缓冲区" },
            { "<leader>bo", "<cmd>BufferLineCloseOthers<cr>", desc = "关闭其他" },
        },
        opts = {
            options = {
                diagnostics = "nvim_lsp",
                always_show_bufferline = false,
                offsets = {
                    { filetype = "NvimTree", text = "File Explorer", highlight = "Directory" },
                },
            },
        },
    },

    { "lukas-reineke/indent-blankline.nvim",
        event = { "BufReadPost", "BufNewFile" },
        main = "ibl",
        opts = {
            indent = { char = "│" },
            scope = { enabled = true },
        },
    },
}

-- lua/plugins/editor.lua
return {
    { "kylechui/nvim-surround",
        event = "VeryLazy",
        config = true,
    },

    { "numToStr/Comment.nvim",
        event = "BufReadPost",
        config = true,
    },

    { "windwp/nvim-autopairs",
        event = "InsertEnter",
        config = true,
    },

    { "folke/todo-comments.nvim",
        dependencies = { "nvim-lua/plenary.nvim" },
        event = "BufReadPost",
        opts = {
            signs = true,
            keywords = {
                FIX = { icon = " ", color = "error" },
                TODO = { icon = " ", color = "info" },
                HACK = { icon = " ", color = "warning" },
                NOTE = { icon = " ", color = "hint" },
            },
        },
        keys = {
            { "]t", function() require("todo-comments").jump_next() end, desc = "下一个 TODO" },
            { "[t", function() require("todo-comments").jump_prev() end, desc = "上一个 TODO" },
            { "<leader>ft", "<cmd>TodoTelescope<cr>", desc = "TODO 列表" },
        },
    },

    { "folke/which-key.nvim",
        event = "VeryLazy",
        opts = {
            plugins = { spelling = { enabled = true } },
        },
        config = function(_, opts)
            local wk = require("which-key")
            wk.setup(opts)
            wk.register({
                ["<leader>b"] = { name = "+buffer" },
                ["<leader>c"] = { name = "+code" },
                ["<leader>f"] = { name = "+find" },
                ["<leader>g"] = { name = "+git" },
                ["<leader>h"] = { name = "+hunks" },
                ["<leader>r"] = { name = "+rename" },
                ["<leader>s"] = { name = "+swap" },
                ["<leader>t"] = { name = "+terminal" },
                ["<leader>w"] = { name = "+windows" },
                ["<leader>x"] = { name = "+diagnostics" },
            })
        end,
    },
}

-- lua/plugins/lsp.lua（完整版）
return {
    { "williamboman/mason.nvim",
        cmd = "Mason",
        opts = {
            ensure_installed = {
                "lua-language-server", "stylua",
                "pyright", "black",
                "typescript-language-server", "prettier",
                "gopls",
                "rust-analyzer",
            },
        },
        config = function(_, opts)
            require("mason").setup(opts)
            local mr = require("mason-registry")
            for _, tool in ipairs(opts.ensure_installed) do
                local p = mr.get_package(tool)
                if not p:is_installed() then p:install() end
            end
        end,
    },

    { "williamboman/mason-lspconfig.nvim",
        dependencies = { "williamboman/mason.nvim" },
        opts = {
            ensure_installed = { "lua_ls", "pyright", "ts_ls", "gopls", "rust_analyzer" },
            automatic_installation = true,
        },
    },

    { "neovim/nvim-lspconfig",
        event = { "BufReadPre", "BufNewFile" },
        dependencies = { "williamboman/mason-lspconfig.nvim" },
        config = function()
            local lspconfig = require("lspconfig")
            local capabilities = require("cmp_nvim_lsp").default_capabilities()

            local servers = {
                lua_ls = {
                    settings = {
                        Lua = {
                            runtime = { version = "LuaJIT" },
                            workspace = { checkThirdParty = false, library = { vim.env.VIMRUNTIME } },
                            telemetry = { enable = false },
                            diagnostics = { globals = { "vim" } },
                        },
                    },
                },
                pyright = {},
                ts_ls = {},
                gopls = {
                    settings = {
                        gopls = {
                            analyses = { unusedparams = true },
                            staticcheck = true,
                        },
                    },
                },
                rust_analyzer = {
                    settings = {
                        ["rust-analyzer"] = {
                            checkOnSave = { command = "clippy" },
                        },
                    },
                },
            }

            for server, config in pairs(servers) do
                config.capabilities = capabilities
                lspconfig[server].setup(config)
            end

            -- LSP 快捷键
            vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("LspAttach", {
                group = vim.api.nvim_create_augroup("UserLspConfig", {}),
                callback = function(ev)
                    local opts = function(desc)
                        return { buffer = ev.buf, desc = desc }
                    end
                    vim.keymap.set("n", "gd", vim.lsp.buf.definition, opts("定义"))
                    vim.keymap.set("n", "gr", vim.lsp.buf.references, opts("引用"))
                    vim.keymap.set("n", "K", vim.lsp.buf.hover, opts("悬停"))
                    vim.keymap.set("n", "<leader>rn", vim.lsp.buf.rename, opts("重命名"))
                    vim.keymap.set("n", "<leader>ca", vim.lsp.buf.code_action, opts("代码操作"))
                    vim.keymap.set("n", "<leader>f", function()
                        vim.lsp.buf.format({ async = true })
                    end, opts("格式化"))
                    vim.keymap.set("n", "[d", vim.diagnostic.goto_prev, opts("上一诊断"))
                    vim.keymap.set("n", "]d", vim.diagnostic.goto_next, opts("下一诊断"))
                    vim.keymap.set("n", "<leader>e", vim.diagnostic.open_float, opts("诊断浮窗"))
                end,
            })

            -- 诊断配置
            vim.diagnostic.config({
                virtual_text = { prefix = "●" },
                signs = true,
                underline = true,
                update_in_insert = false,
                severity_sort = true,
            })
        end,
    },

    { "nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter",
        build = ":TSUpdate",
        event = { "BufReadPost", "BufNewFile" },
        opts = {
            ensure_installed = {
                "lua", "vim", "vimdoc", "query",
                "python", "javascript", "typescript", "tsx",
                "go", "rust", "c", "html", "css",
                "json", "yaml", "toml", "markdown",
                "bash", "dockerfile", "regex",
            },
            highlight = { enable = true },
            indent = { enable = true },
            incremental_selection = {
                enable = true,
                keymaps = {
                    init_selection = "<C-space>",
                    node_incremental = "<C-space>",
                    node_decremental = "<BS>",
                },
            },
        },
        config = function(_, opts)
            require("nvim-treesitter.configs").setup(opts)
        end,
    },

    { "hrsh7th/nvim-cmp",
        event = "InsertEnter",
        dependencies = {
            "hrsh7th/cmp-nvim-lsp",
            "hrsh7th/cmp-buffer",
            "hrsh7th/cmp-path",
            "L3MON4D3/LuaSnip",
            "saadparwaiz1/cmp_luasnip",
            "rafamadriz/friendly-snippets",
        },
        config = function()
            local cmp = require("cmp")
            local luasnip = require("luasnip")
            require("luasnip.loaders.from_vscode").lazy_load()

            cmp.setup({
                snippet = { expand = function(args) luasnip.lsp_expand(args.body) end },
                mapping = cmp.mapping.preset.insert({
                    ["<C-b>"] = cmp.mapping.scroll_docs(-4),
                    ["<C-f>"] = cmp.mapping.scroll_docs(4),
                    ["<C-Space>"] = cmp.mapping.complete(),
                    ["<C-e>"] = cmp.mapping.abort(),
                    ["<CR>"] = cmp.mapping.confirm({ select = true }),
                    ["<Tab>"] = cmp.mapping(function(fallback)
                        if cmp.visible() then cmp.select_next_item()
                        elseif luasnip.expand_or_jumpable() then luasnip.expand_or_jump()
                        else fallback() end
                    end, { "i", "s" }),
                    ["<S-Tab>"] = cmp.mapping(function(fallback)
                        if cmp.visible() then cmp.select_prev_item()
                        elseif luasnip.jumpable(-1) then luasnip.jump(-1)
                        else fallback() end
                    end, { "i", "s" }),
                }),
                sources = cmp.config.sources({
                    { name = "nvim_lsp" },
                    { name = "luasnip" },
                    { name = "path" },
                }, { { name = "buffer" } }),
            })
        end,
    },
}

-- lua/plugins/telescope.lua
return {
    { "nvim-telescope/telescope.nvim",
        cmd = "Telescope",
        dependencies = {
            "nvim-lua/plenary.nvim",
            { "nvim-telescope/telescope-fzf-native.nvim", build = "make" },
        },
        keys = {
            { "<leader>ff", "<cmd>Telescope find_files<cr>", desc = "查找文件" },
            { "<leader>fg", "<cmd>Telescope live_grep<cr>", desc = "搜索文本" },
            { "<leader>fb", "<cmd>Telescope buffers<cr>", desc = "缓冲区" },
            { "<leader>fh", "<cmd>Telescope help_tags<cr>", desc = "帮助" },
            { "<leader>fo", "<cmd>Telescope oldfiles<cr>", desc = "最近文件" },
            { "<leader>fw", "<cmd>Telescope grep_string<cr>", desc = "搜索单词" },
            { "<leader>fd", "<cmd>Telescope diagnostics<cr>", desc = "诊断" },
            { "<leader>fr", "<cmd>Telescope resume<cr>", desc = "恢复搜索" },
        },
        config = function()
            local telescope = require("telescope")
            telescope.setup({
                defaults = {
                    prompt_prefix = "  ",
                    selection_caret = " ",
                    sorting_strategy = "ascending",
                    layout_config = {
                        horizontal = { prompt_position = "top" },
                    },
                },
            })
            pcall(telescope.load_extension, "fzf")
        end,
    },
}

-- lua/plugins/git.lua
return {
    { "lewis6991/gitsigns.nvim",
        event = { "BufReadPre", "BufNewFile" },
        opts = {
            on_attach = function(bufnr)
                local gs = package.loaded.gitsigns
                local map = function(mode, l, r, desc)
                    vim.keymap.set(mode, l, r, { buffer = bufnr, desc = desc })
                end
                map("n", "]h", gs.next_hunk, "下一 hunk")
                map("n", "[h", gs.prev_hunk, "上一 hunk")
                map("n", "<leader>hs", gs.stage_hunk, "暂存 hunk")
                map("n", "<leader>hr", gs.reset_hunk, "重置 hunk")
                map("n", "<leader>hp", gs.preview_hunk, "预览 hunk")
                map("n", "<leader>hb", function() gs.blame_line({ full = true }) end, "Blame")
            end,
        },
    },

    { "NeogitOrg/neogit",
        cmd = "Neogit",
        keys = {
            { "<leader>gg", "<cmd>Neogit<cr>", desc = "Neogit" },
        },
        dependencies = { "nvim-lua/plenary.nvim", "sindrets/diffview.nvim" },
        opts = { integrations = { diffview = true } },
    },
}

cd ~/.config/nvim
git init
git add .
git commit -m "init: neovim config"
git remote add origin git@github.com:user/nvim-config.git
git push -u origin main

# 机器 A
cd ~/.config/nvim && git push

# 机器 B
cd ~/.config/nvim && git pull
nvim --headless "+Lazy! sync" +qa

# 将配置放在 dotfiles 仓库
ln -s ~/dotfiles/nvim ~/.config/nvim